完形填空？我不怕不怕啦！
高考英语复习备考之完形填空解题技巧
一．题文齐读
什么是“题文齐读” | 为什么要“题文齐读” |
顾名思义就是一边读文，一边用眼睛的余光扫一下题目。二者并不是相互分散精力，而是协调配合、相互印证的。要做到双眼聚焦(一眼侧重于读文，一眼侧重于扫描对应的选项)，眼脑共用(边读文边思考，对各空的选项有一个初判)。这项技能对考生的要求较高，运用此法要保证注意力高度集中，要具备较强的聚合思维。考生在平时的训练中要多尝试应用才能默化成规，内化于心。 | (1)一篇约200词的短文存在15处的空格，信息的残缺不全造成文意理解的较大障碍。不看选项，不进行初判，“硬啃式”读文会造成越读越难，到后面甚至读得心烦意乱，从而造成文意理解的偏差。 (2)完形填空大部分题目是送分或保分题目，通过边读边预判是能做对大部分的，随着一部分空格不断被填补还原，文意也就越来越明显，读文障碍会越来越少。“题文齐读”可大大缩减读文和答题时间。 |
[典例示范]
My life as a tax-paying employed person began in middle school, when, for three whole days, I worked in a baking factory.
My best friend Betsy’s father was a manager at Hough Bakeries, which, at Easter time, ____41____ little bunny ( 兔 子 ) cakes for all its ____42____throughout Cleveland. It happened that the plant downtown needed eight kids for ____43____ help during our spring break, for which I had no____44____ beyond listening to my favorite records. I’d ____45____ minimum wage. I’d see how a factory____46____. My parents thought all of this was a grand idea and called Betsy’s dad with their ____47____.
Our____48____in the factory were simple: Place cakes on a moving belt. Attach icing (糖霜) ears. Apply icing eyes and nose.____49____ bunny from the belt. This was _____50_____ than it sounds._____51_____ a bit and the cakes pile up. As I told my parents at dinner that first night, it was all a little more high-pressure than I’d _____52_____ .
Dad ____53____. The son of a grocer, he’d spent the summers of his childhood_____54_____ food in Benardsville, New Jersey. This was the sort of work that made you_____55_____ the dollars you earned and respect those who did the work, he told me.
41. A. sold B. ordered C. made D. reserved
42. A. stores B. families C. schools D. citizens
43. A. generous B. financia l C. technical D. temporary
44. A. plans B. problems C. excuses D. hobbies
45. A. offer B. earn C. set D. suggest
46. A. worked B. closed C. developed D. survived
47. A. ambition B . permission C. experience D. invitation
48. A. joys B. ideas C. roles D. choices
49. A. Save B. Keep C. Stop D. Remove
50. A. harder B. better C. longer D. cheaper
51. A. Calm down B. Slow down C. Stay on D. Move on
52. A. indicated B. witnessed C. expected D. remembered
53. A. criedB. smiledC. hesitatedD. refused
54. A. tasting B. finding C. sharing D. delivering
55. A. withdraw B. donate C. receive D. appreciate
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲了在一次春假时，我去工厂打工赚钱，感触颇多。父亲认为这种工作不仅能让小孩子感谢得到的报酬，而且能够学会尊重那些从事这项工作的人。
41【答案】C考查动词词义辨析。句意：我最好的朋友Betsy的父亲是霍夫面包店的经理，在复活节期间，这家面包店为克利夫兰所有商店制作小兔子蛋糕。A. sold销售；B. ordered定制；C. made制作；D. reserved预定。根据“Our 48 in the factory were simple: Place cakes on a moving belt. Attach icing (糖霜) ears. Apply icing eyes and nose. 49 bunny from the belt.”可知我的工作是制作小兔子蛋糕，由此推知，这家面包店为克利夫兰所有商店制作小兔子蛋糕。故选C。
42【答案】A考查名词词义辨析。句意：我最好的朋友Betsy的父亲是霍夫面包店的经理，在复活节期间，这家面包店为克利夫兰所有商店制作小兔子蛋糕。A. stores商店；B. families家庭；C. schools学校；D. citizens市民。根据“throughout Cleveland”结合生活常识，可知这里指的是这家面包店为克利夫兰所有商店制作小兔子蛋糕。故选A。
43【答案】D考查形容词词义辨析。句意：春假期间，市中心的工厂需要八个孩子临时帮忙，我除了听我最喜欢的唱片没有别的计划。A. generous慷慨的；B. financial财政的；C. technical技术的；D. temporary暂时的。根据“during our spring break”可知这是一份临时性的工作。故选D。
44【答案】A考查名词词义辨析。句意：春假期间，市中心的工厂需要八个孩子临时帮忙，我除了听我最喜欢的唱片没有别的计划。A. plans计划；B. problems问题；C. excuses借口；D. hobbies爱好。根据“beyond listening to my favorite records”可知我没有其他计划。故选A。
45【答案】B考查动词词义辨析。句意：我挣的是最低工资。A. offer提供；B. earn挣得；C. set放置；D. suggest建议。根据“minimum wage”可知我挣的是最低工资。故选B。
46【答案】A考查动词词义辨析。句意：我想看看工厂是如何运作的。A. worked运作；B. closed关闭；C. developed发展；D. survived幸存。根据“I'd see how a factory”可知这里意思是我想看看工厂是如何运作的。故选A。
47【答案】B考查名词词义辨析。句意：我的父母认为这一切都是一个伟大的主意，并打电话给Betsy的父亲，得到了他们的同意 。A. ambition抱负；B. permission允许；C. experience经历；D. invitation邀请。根据“Our 48 in the factory were simple: Place cakes on a moving belt. Attach icing (糖霜) ears. Apply icing eyes and nose. 49 bunny from the belt.”可知我们已经在工厂工作了，所以必然是得到了他们的同意。故选B。
48【答案】C考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们在工厂的任务很简单：把蛋糕放在移动的传送带上。附加上糖霜耳朵。把兔子从传送带上拿下来。A. joys欢乐；B. ideas观点；C. roles任务；D. choices选择。根据“Place cakes on a moving belt. Attach icing (糖霜) ears. Apply icing eyes and nose. 49 bunny from the belt.”可知这是我们的任务。故选C。
49【答案】D考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们在工厂的任务很简单：把蛋糕放在移动的传送带上。附加上糖霜耳朵。把兔子从传送带上拿下来。A. Save节省；B. Keep保持；C. Stop停止；D. Remove移动。根据“bunny from the belt.”可知这里意思是把兔子从传送带上拿下来。故选D。
50【答案】A考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这比听起来难多了。A. harder更难的；B. better更好的；C. longer更长的；D. cheaper更便宜的。根据“51 a bit and the cakes pile up.”可知这项工作比听起来更难。故选A。51【答案】B考查动词短语辨析。句意：慢一点，蛋糕就堆起来了。A. Calm down平静下来；B. Slow down慢一点；C. Stay on继续停留；D. Move on往前走。根据“and the cakes pile up”可知这里意思是慢一点，就会造成蛋糕堆积起来的后果。故选B。
52【答案】C考查动词词义辨析。句意：正如我在第一个晚上的晚餐上告诉父母的那样，一切都比我预料的要紧张。A. indicated表明；B. witnessed目击；C. expected预料；D. remembered记得。根据“This was 50 than it sounds. 51 a bit and the cakes pile up.”可知工作的实际情况比我预料的要紧张。故选C。
53【答案】B考查动词词义辨析。句意：父亲笑了。A. cried哭了；B. smiled微笑；C. hesitated犹豫；D. refused拒绝。根据“The son of a grocer, he'd spent the summers of his childhood 54 food in Bemardsville, New Jersey. This was the sort of work that made you 55 the dollars you earned and respect those who did the work, he told me.”结合生活常识，可知父亲看到我在第一次挣钱的经历中有所感悟和收获，联想到自己童年时类似的经历，父亲会心的笑了。故选B。
54【答案】D考查动词词义辨析。句意：作为一个杂货商儿子，他童年的夏天都在新泽西的贝马兹维尔送外卖。A. tasting品尝；B. finding找到；C. sharing分享；D. delivering送货。根据“The son of a grocer”可知作为一个杂货商的儿子，他童年的夏天都在新泽西的贝马兹维尔送外卖。故选D。
55【答案】D考查动词词义辨析。句意：他告诉我，这种工作能让你感激得到的报酬，并尊重那些从事这项工作的人。A. withdraw撤退；B. donate捐赠；C. receive收到；D. appreciate欣赏。根据“the dollars you earned”结合生活常识，可知孩子们会感激并且非常珍惜自己劳动得到的报酬。故选D。
二、句群精读，活用方法，稳抓保分题目
通过第一步的通览文章，明白了文章大意、内容梗概后，接下来便是精读文章，做题的过程。完形填空80%以上的题目都是基础题目，也就是上文提到的句内、句组层次题。对于这些题目，使用“题文齐读法”在文章的通读环节可预判解答一部分，但这些题目最终答案的确定则需要精读文章，做到解题有理有据、有法可依。
句内层次题的解题信息分布在本句内，在读懂文意的前提下，利用本句的一些解题信息就可直接做答。对于此类题目，考生可以边读边填，将原文信息尽量复原。
方法1 利用习惯搭配及固定结构解题
完形填空中经常会考查一些习惯搭配、固定结构和固定句式，这时考生就需要运用习惯搭配及固定结构来解题。
[典例]1
I was 43.thrilled! I arrived early at Byron Bay where we were supposed to 44.meet. The bay was __45__ in sunshine, and there was a group of kayakers around 150m off the shore.
45．A.bathedB．clean C．deep D．formed
[分析] 选A 本题可以利用习惯搭配解题。此处意为“海湾沐浴在阳光中”，be bathed in为固定搭配，表示“沐浴在……中”。
方法2 利用生活常识和文化背景解题
完形填空的语篇中往往渗透着诸如文化科学、历史地理、风俗民情等方面的知识。考生在做题时，若能积极地调动自己掌握的文化背景知识和生活常识，巧妙地加以运用，特别是注意中西文化的差异，将会大大简化复杂的分析与判断过程，节省宝贵的时间，从而轻松地做出正确判断。
[典例]2
Getting a little 46.closer,_I realized one kayak (皮划艇) was in 47.trouble. “Something's not 48.right！” I took off my Tshirt and __49__ into the water. I saw there were two instructors on board and a man lying across the middle. He was 50.shaking violently. Linking arms with one of the instructors, I helped __51__ the young man out of the water. He was unconscious and as I looked at his face, something 52.occurred to me. Those brown eyes were very 53.familiar. “What's his name？” I asked the instructor. “Ben，” he replied, and immediately I 54.knew. That stranger was my son!
49．A.stared B．sank C．dived D．fell
51．A.lead B．persuade C．carry D．keep
[分析] 49.选C 51.选C 这两道题可以利用生活常识和文化背景解题。根据生活常识，第49题我注意到一个皮划艇出了意外情况，我自然是脱掉T恤衫，“跳进”水里救人，dive意为“跳水”；第51题作者和一位教练双臂连接，两个人一起应该是将这个不省人事的年轻人“抬”出了水面，用carry表示“抬”。
方法3 利用对应成分分析法解题
完形填空文章的上下文之间以及句子内部之间往往有着一定的逻辑关系，它使句子的各个成分之间形成一定的对应关系。考生可以根据这种逻辑关系找出与未知填空相对应的已知成分，将它作为线索，通过它推断出未知填空的答案。
[典例]3
Teresa 56.posted a photo of the chance meeting on a social networking website 57.accompanied by the touching words：“What a 58.blessing this young man was to our family! He was so __59__ and kind to do this.”
59．A.smart B．calm C．sweet D．fair
[分析] 选C 本题可以利用对应成分分析法解题。
从上述分析可以看出，第59题与kind形成对应关系。因为有and这一并列连词，并且and前后意思应该一致，表示“他做这件事真是太友好和善良了”。故选C。
方法4 利用逻辑关系解题
此方法是通过分析未知填空前后文与已知信息之间的逻辑关系来确定答案，主要应用于完形填空的两类题型：一是考查连接词和起连接词作用的短语；二是考查上下文的逻辑关系。
[典例]4
We went 101 and I was named most valuable player, __28__ I often had crazy dreams in which I was to blame for Miller's 29.accident.
28．A.and B．then C．but D．thus
[分析] 选C 本题可以利用逻辑关系解题。本空考查连词。连词的作用就是将其前后文的已知信息衔接起来，因此可以利用逻辑关系来解题，即通过分析该未知填空前后文的已知信息的逻辑关系来确定本题应该填入表达何种逻辑关系的连词。
通过上述分析得知本空前后文的已知信息是明显的转折关系，因此答案是but。and表示并列关系；then表示顺承关系；thus表示因果关系。
方法5 利用语境暗示分析法解题
上下文语境具体体现为：全文的中心主线和主题、作者的态度倾向和评价、上下文语篇衔接、句际和段际关系。在句内层次题中，我们通常可以通过上下文语境暗示，即根据已知信息，推导出正确答案。
[典例]5
The instructors called for an ambulance. __55__， after a brief stay in hospital, Ben was well enough to be allowed to __56__ and later the family met up for dinner.
55．A.Fortunately B．Frankly C．Sadly D．Suddenly
56．A.return B．relax C．speak D．leave
[分析] 55.选A 56.选D 这两道题可以利用语境暗示分析法解题。根据下文的“after a brief stay in hospital”，“well enough”和“later the family met up for dinner” 这些暗示中我们可知Ben“很幸运”，“被允许出院”。
句组层次题是比句内层次题稍难一级的题目，其解题信息分布在空格前后的一组意群之中，解题时需前瞻后顾，综合意群信息解答。即本句信息不足填，空格前后再找信息源。
方法1 利用语义复现解题
复现是一种语义衔接手段，它通过原词、同义词或近义词、反义词、上义词、下义词、同源词或同根词等重复出现来表达某一概念，使整篇文章上下连贯，有机地衔接在一起。因此，考生可根据文章的具体情况，理解文章的结构和语境，利用文章中的语义复现来选择正确的答案。
[典例6]
When most of us get a text message on our cell phone from an unknown person, we usually say “sorry, 41.wrong number！” and move on. But when Dennis Williams __42__ a text that clearly wasn't intended for him, he did something 43.special.
42．A.receivedB．translated C．copied D．printed
[分析] 选A 本题可以利用语义复现解题。第42空是上文“get”的同义词复现，故选A项。
[典例7]
While high school does not generally encourage students to explore new aspects of life, college sets the stage for that exploration.I myself went through this __41__ process and found something that has changed my 42.experience at college for the better: I discovered ASL — American Sign Language (美式手语)．
41．A.searching B．planning C．natural D．formal
[分析] 选A 本题可以利用语义复现解题。第41空是上文“explore”的近义词复现，故选A项。
方法2 利用作者态度或感情色彩关联解题
在高考完形填空文章中，我们一定要在快速阅读文章的过程中，仔细找出能够反映作者态度和感情色彩的重要词汇，它们往往是名词、形容词、副词或动词。这些词汇通常是我们做题时重要的参照线索，可以帮助我们快速确定某些题目的正确答案。
[典例8]
Two weeks earlier, my son, Ben, had got in touch. He'd moved to England with his mum when he was three and it had been 13 years since I'd 41.last seen him. So imagine my __42__ when he emailed me saying he wanted to come to visit me.
42．A.delight B．relief C．anger D．worry
[分析] 选A 本题可以利用作者态度或感情色彩关联解题。前文提到作者已经13年没见过自己的儿子了，因此当儿子发来邮件说他想来看望作者时，作者应该是感到高兴(delight)，故A项符合语境。
方法3 利用逻辑关系解题
在句组层次题中，利用逻辑关系解题同样是一种重要的方法。
[典例9]
Hundreds of people have formed impressions of you through that little device (装置) on your desk.And they've never actually 41.met you.Everything they know about you 42.came through this device, sometimes from hundreds of miles away.__43__ they feel they can know you 44.just from the sound of your voice.That's how powerful the 45.telephone is.
43．A.Thus B．Yet C．Then D．Indeed
[分析] 选B 本题是典型的考查上下文逻辑关系的题目，可以利用逻辑关系解题。
通过上述对本空前后文已知信息的分析，能够发现上下文之间是明显的转折关系，因此答案可以确定为选项B.Yet。thus“因此”；then“随后”；indeed“的确，确实”。
方法4 利用语境暗示分析法解题
在句组层次题中，有些题目我们往往也需要通过上下文的语境暗示来解题，即根据已知信息，推导出正确答案。
[典例10]
On March 19, Dennis got a group text 44.informing him that a couple he didn't know were at the hospital, waiting for the __45__ of a baby.
“Congratulations! But I think someone was mistaken，” Dennis 46.responded. The baby was born and update texts were 47.coming_in quickly from the overjoyed grandmother, Teresa.
45．A.wakeup B．recovery C．growth D．arrival
[分析] 选D 本题可以利用语境暗示分析法解题。根据下文“The baby was born”这一暗示信息可知，一对夫妇正在等待宝贝的降临，因此选arrival“到来，降临”。
巩固练习题
一
Is Tap Water Safe to Drink?
Tap water is not without its problems. More recently, the Michigan City of Flint has been struggling with high lead (铅) levels in its drinking water. Over the years people have witnessed major ___41___of groundwater pollution leading to unhealthy tap water.
The nonprofit Environmental Working Group (EWG) detected some 260 pollutants in public water supplies in 42 states and faulted the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) for ___42___ to establish standards on so many of the pollutants - from industry, agriculture, and urban rivers - that do end up in our water.
Despite these seemingly ___43___ statistics, the Natural Resources Defense Council (NRDC), which has also conducted a series of ___44___ tests on municipal (市政的) water supplies as well as bottled water, says, “In the short term, if you are an adult with no special health ___45___, and you are not pregnant, then you can drink most cities’ tap water without having to worry.” This is because most of the pollutants in public water supplies exist at such small concentrations that most people would have to ___46___ very large quantities for health problems to occur.
___47___, look at your water bottles carefully. It’s common for them to list the source as “municipal”, which means you paid for what ___48___ is bottled tap water.
“Pregnant women, young children, the elderly, people with chronic illnesses and those with weakened immune systems can be vulnerable (脆弱的) to the risks posed by polluted water,” NRDC does ___49___, however. The group suggests that anyone who may be at risk obtain a copy of their city’s annual water quality report and review it with their ___50___.
As for bottled water, 25 to 30 percent of it comes straight from municipal tap water systems, despite the pretty nature ___51___ on the bottles that imply otherwise. Some of that water goes through additional filtering (过滤), but some does not. What’s more, bottled water is required to be ___52___less frequently than tap water for bacteria and chemical pollutants, and U.S. Food and Drug Administration bottled water rules allow for some pollution by E. coli (大肠杆菌), ___53___ to EPA tap water rules that prohibit any such pollution.
Also, NRDC found that there are no ___54___ for bottled water to be disinfected or tested for parasites (寄生虫), unlike more strict EPA rules regulating tap water. This leaves the possibility ___55___, says NRDC, that some bottled water may present similar health threats to those with weakened immune systems.
41. A. casesB. patternsC. modelsD. modes
42. A. managingB. failingC. competingD. skipping
43. A. endlessB. appealingC. alarming D. meaningless
44. A. expansiveB. expensiveC. aggressive D. extensive
45. A. motivationsB. focusesC. conditions D. proportions
46. A. turn inB. give awayC. take upD. take in
47. A. To start withB. After allC. In addition D. On the whole
48. A. necessarilyB. essentiallyC. accordingly D. dramatically
49. A. recommendB. cautionC. justifyD. urge
50. A. supervisorB. secretaryC. authority D. physician
51. A. scenesB. brandsC. dataD. prints
52. A. questionedB. producedC. tested D. advertised
53. A. contraryB. similarC. relativeD. parallel
54. A. requirementsB. suggestionsC. permissions D. approvals
55. A. realB. minorC. uncertainD. open
这是一篇说明文。自来水中的污染物和细菌有可能对人体产生危害，文章对这种危害的大小和瓶装水疏于管理的现象进行了说明。
41【答案】A考查名词辨析。句意：多年来，人们目睹了地下水污染导致不健康自来水的重大案例。A.cases案例；B.patterns图案，模式；C.models模型；D.modes模式。根据“groundwater pollution leading to unhealthy tap water”可知，此处是指地下水污染导致不健康自来水的重大案例。故选A。
42【答案】B考查动词辨析。句意：非盈利阻止EWG测试了42个州的公共水供应，指责美国环境保护署(EPA)未能对工业、农业和城市河流中的污染物制定标准，而这些污染物最终确实进入了我们的水中。A.managing管理；B.failing失败；C.competing比赛；D.skipping跳跃。根据“do end up in our water”可知，美国环境保护署(EPA)未能对工业、农业和城市河流中的污染物制定标准。故选B。
43【答案】C考查形容词辨析。句意：尽管这些数据看起来令人担忧，自然资源保护委员会(NRDC)也对市政供水和瓶装水进行了一系列广泛的测试……A.endless无尽的；B.appealing 吸引人的；C.alarming令人担忧的；D.meaningless无意义的。此处these statistics是指前文中提到的饮用水污染严重的数据，所以是令人担忧的。故选C。
44【答案】D考查形容词辨析。句意：尽管这些数据看起来令人担忧，自然资源保护委员会(NRDC)也对市政供水和瓶装水进行了一系列广泛的测试……A.expansive广阔的，广泛的；B.expensive昂贵的；C.aggressive侵略性的；D.extensive 广泛的。根据“on municipal (市政的) water supplies as well as bottled water”可知，这次测试的范围很广泛。故选D。
45【答案】C考查名词辨析。句意：在短期内，如果你是没有特殊健康状况的成年人，而且你没有怀孕，那么你可以喝大多数城市的自来水而不必担心。A.motivations动机；B.focuses焦点；C.conditions状况；D.proportions比例。根据“you are not pregnant”可知，此处是指身体状况。故选C。
46【答案】D考查动词短语辨析。句意：这是因为公共供水中大多数污染物的浓度都很小，大多数人必须摄入大量的污染物才会出现健康问题。A.turn in交上；B.give away赠送；C.take up占据；D.take in吸收。根据“for health problems to occur”可知，此处是指大多数人必须摄入大量的污染物才会出现健康问题。故选D。
47【答案】C考查介词短语辨析。句意：另外，仔细检查你的水瓶。A.To start with首先；B.After all毕竟；C.In addition另外；D.On the whole整体上。结合上文提到城市供水，根据“look at your water bottles carefully”可知，此处是讲了另外一个要点。故选C。
48【答案】B考查副词辨析。句意：他们通常会把水源标为“市政”，也就是说你买的其实是瓶装自来水。A.necessarily必要地；B.essentially本质上；C.accordingly因此，于是；D.dramatically显著地，剧烈地。根据“ It’s common for them to list the source as “municipal””和“bottled tap water”可知，此处是指瓶装水的实质通常是自来水。故选B。
49【答案】B考查动词辨析。句意：然而，自然资源保护委员会也发出了警告。A.recommend推荐；B.caution警告；C.justify证明……是正当的；D.urge敦促。根据“Pregnant women, young children, the elderly, people with chronic illnesses and those with weakened immune systems can be vulnerable (脆弱的) to the risks posed by polluted water”（孕妇、儿童、老年人、慢性病患者和免疫系统较弱的人可能容易受到水污染带来的风险）可知，此处是指自然资源保护委员会也发出了警告。故选B。
50【答案】D考查名词辨析。句意：该组织建议，任何可能有危险的人都应该获得一份他们所在城市的年度水质报告，并与他们的医生一起审查。A.supervisor监督人，指导者；B.secretary秘书；C.authority权威；D.physician医生。根据“anyone who may be at risk”可知，此处是指身体有可能受到水污染影响的人应该和医生一起查看水质报告，保证自己的健康。故选D。
51【答案】A考查名词辨析。句意：至于瓶装水，有25%到30%直接来自市政自来水系统，尽管瓶子上美丽的自然景色暗示着其他的东西。A.scenes景色，场景；B.brands商标；C.data数据；D.prints印刷业。根据“nature”可知，此处是指瓶装水包装上的自然景色。故选A。
52【答案】C考查动词辨析。句意：此外，瓶装水对细菌和化学污染物的检测频率比自来水要低，美国食品和药物管理局的规定允许大肠杆菌污染瓶装水，这与EPA禁止任何此类污染的自来水规定相悖。A.questioned质疑；B.produced制造；C.tested检测；D.advertised做广告。根据“for bacteria and chemical pollutants”可知，此处是指检测细菌和化学污染物。故选C。
53【答案】A考查形容词辨析。句意：此外，瓶装水对细菌和化学污染物的检测频率比自来水要低，美国食品和药物管理局的规定允许大肠杆菌污染瓶装水，这与EPA禁止任何此类污染的自来水规定相悖。A.contrary相反的；B.similar相似的；C.relative相对的；D.parallel平行的。根据“prohibit any such pollution”和“allow for some pollution by E. coli”可知，这两者是相悖的。故选A。
54【答案】A考查名词辨析。句意：此外，NRDC还发现，瓶装水没有消毒或检测寄生虫的要求，这与EPA对自来水的严格规定不同。A.requirements要求；B.suggestions建议；C.permissions允许；D.approvals批准。根据“ unlike more strict EPA rules regulating tap water”可知，此处是指瓶装水没有消毒或检测寄生虫的要求。故选A。
55【答案】D考查形容词辨析。句意：自然资源保护委员会说，这就留下了一种可能性，即一些瓶装水可能会对那些免疫系统薄弱的人造成类似的健康威胁。A.real真实的；B.minor未成年的；C.uncertain不确定的；D.open开放的。根据“some bottled water may present similar health threats to those with weakened immune systems”可知，此处是指这导致一些瓶装水可能会对那些免疫系统薄弱的人造成类似的健康威胁，所以是指这种可能性是开放的。故选D。
二
A Need to Close the Digital Gender Gap
One of the most efficient ways to promote peace and jump-start flagging economies is to empower girls and invest in their education. Today, girls’ lack of access to basic education is ___41___when it comes to the use of digital technology, leaving them far behind boys. And because the world is ever more digital, those who lack basic Internet skills will find it____42____difficult to participate in the formal economy, to obtain a quality education, to___43___health care, information and psychosocial support, and to have their voices heard.
Since 2013 the global gender gap in male and female access to the Internet has actually increased from 11 to 12 percent. ____44____yet, women and girls living in the poorest countries are 31 percent less____45____than men and boys to have access to the Internet. In developing countries, some 200 million fewer women than men own a mobile phone, the most common means of Internet access there. This digital____46____is increasing, and should it continue at the present pace, it is predicted that over 75 percent of women and girls will lack Internet access and ____47____skills.
There are many causes for the digital gender gap. They include girls’ obvious _____48_____from basic education, from specific technology education and design, high costs of both_____49_____and Internet access, scarcity of content relevant for women and girls, and socio-cultural biases and______50______, such as barriers to women speaking freely and privately both online and offline. Indeed, one of the most insidious (隐伏的) reasons why girls may be______51______from learning how to access and use digital technology is also a groundless one: that girls are simply not good at using technology. The United Nations has announced that human rights online are human rights offline. These stereotypes reinforce harmful norms that keep women and girls from enjoying their human rights.
According to the International Institute for Sustainable Development, an independent, non-profit and non-governmental research organization, the gender digital gap is a major_____52_____to women’s economic empowerment and participation in the economy. _____53_____a major increase of policy effort and investment, most of the benefits of technological change will be enjoyed only by men, worsening gender inequality. This also results in______54______economic growth and innovation that is possible only when men and women have equal access to technology and the economy.
In the words of USAID Senior Gender Coordinator Michelle Bekkering, “A girl’s future should be_____55_____not by her sex, but by her commitment to hard work and ability to access the resources she needs to succeed.”
41. A. improved B. eliminated C. worsened D. resulted
42. A. considerately B. increasingly C. only D. technically
43. A. access B. approach C. evaluate D. promote
44. A. However B. Worse C. And D. Strangely
45. A. possible B. probable C. likely D. feasible
46. A. gap B. difference C. data D. shortage
47. A. digital B. technical C. mathematical D. practical
48. A. restriction B. exclusion C. independence D. division
49. A. implements B. devices C. products D. experts
50. A. research B. criticism C. discrimination D. distinction
51. A. encouraged B. prevented C. denied D. disappointed
52. A. deadlock B. concern C. prevention D. barrier
53. A. With B. Without C. Through D. Despite
54. A. faint B. lost C. missed D. rapid
55. A. defined B. confined C. designed D. outlined
【分析】这是一篇议论文。文章讲述了，当今男女教育不平等，女孩们缺少基本网络技能的现状，其原因，结果和解决措施，强调没有政府的帮助，技术变革的大部分好处只有男人才能享受，从而加剧性别的不平等。
41【答案】C考查动词词义辨析。句意：今天，在使用数字技术方面，女孩得不到基础教育的情况更加恶化，使她们远远落后于男孩。A. improved提高；B. eliminated消灭；C. worsened恶化；D. resulted发生。由下文的“when it comes to the use of digital technology, leaving them far behind boys”，可知在使用数字技术方面，女孩远远落后于男孩，说明女孩得不到基础教育的情况在更加恶化。故选C项。
42【答案】B考查副词词义辨析。句意：由于世界越来越数字化，那些缺少基本互联网技能的人将越来越难以参与正规经济、获得高质量的教育、获得医疗保健、信息和心理社会支持，也越来越难以听到自己的声音。A. considerately体贴地；B. increasingly越来越多地；C. only只有；D. technically技术上。由上文的“because the world is ever more digital”可知，是由于世界越来越数字化，缺少基本互联网技能的人才会在社会上越来越难。故选B项。
43【答案】A考查动词词义辨析。句意：由于世界越来越数字化，那些缺少基本互联网技能的人将越来越难以参与正规经济、获得高质量的教育、获得医疗保健、信息和心理社会支持，也越来越难以听到自己的声音。A. access使用；B. approach靠近；C. evaluate评估；D. promote提高。由“health care”可知，此处指使用（获得）医疗保健。故选A项。
44【答案】B考查副词词义辨析。句意：更糟糕的是，生活在最贫穷国家的妇女和女孩上网的可能性比男子和男孩低31%。A. However然而；B. Worse更糟糕地；C. And并且；D. Strangely奇怪地。由上文的“Since 2013 the global gender gap in male and female access to the Internet has actually increased from 11 to 12 percent.”和下文的“women and girls living in the poorest countries are 31 percent less____5____than men and boys to have access to the Internet”可知，上文陈述了自2013年以来，全球男女上网的性别差距实际上从11%增加到了12%，后文讲生活在最贫穷国家的妇女和女孩上网的可能性比男子和男孩低31%，说明数字性别差距的情况更加糟糕。故选B项。
45【答案】C考查形容词词义辨析。句意：更糟糕的是，生活在最贫穷国家的妇女和女孩上网的可能性比男子和男孩低31%。A. possible（客观上）可能的；B. probable（有充分的依据或者理由）很可能发生的；C. likely（暗示有较大的）可能的；D. feasible可行的。由上文语境可知，全球男女上网的性别差距实际上从11%增加到了12%，而此处讲最贫穷国家的妇女和女孩上网的可能性问题，possible和probable可用物或it作主语，一般不用人来作主语；而likely可以用人或物或it来作主语，本句主语是人women and girls living in the poorest countries，用likely。故选C项。
46【答案】A考查名词词义辨析。句意：这一数字差距正在扩大，如果按目前的速度继续下去，预计75%以上的妇女和女孩将缺少互联网接入和数字技能。A. gap差距；B. difference不同；C. data数据；D. shortage短缺。由标题“A Need to Close the Digital Gender Gap”和本段上文可知，全球男女上网的性别差距实际上从11%增加到了12%，生活在最贫穷国家的妇女和女孩上网的可能性比男子和男孩低31%，在发展中国家，拥有手机的妇女比男子少2亿左右，说明数字性别差距正在扩大。故选A项。
47【答案】A考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这一数字差距正在扩大，如果按目前的速度继续下去，预计75%以上的妇女和女孩将缺少互联网接入和数字技能。A. digital数字的；B. technical技术上的；C. mathematical数学的；D. practical实际上。由标题“A Need to Close the Digital Gender Gap”和本段上文可知，文章在讲，相对于男性，女性在数字科技上缺少接触的机会，造成了数字性别差距，如果差距一直扩大，不会上网的女性会缺少数字技能。故选A项。
48【答案】B考查名词词义辨析。句意：其中包括女孩明显被排除在基础教育之外，被排除在特定的技术教育和设计之外，设备和互联网接入费用高昂，与妇女和女孩有关的内容匮乏，以及社会文化偏见和歧视，例如阻碍妇女在网上和网下自由和私下发言的障碍。A. restriction限制；B. exclusion排斥；C. independence独立；D. division分开。由上文的“Today, girls’ lack of access to basic education”和“There are many causes for the digital gender gap.”可知，此处在讲造成数字性别差距的原因，女孩得不到基础教育，说明女孩明显被排除在基础教育之外了。故选B项。
49【答案】B考查名词词义辨析。句意：其中包括女孩明显被排除在基础教育之外，被排除在特定的技术教育和设计之外，设备和互联网接入费用高昂，与妇女和女孩有关的内容匮乏，以及社会文化偏见和歧视，例如阻碍妇女在网上和网下自由和私下发言的障碍。A. implements工具；B. devices装置；C. products产品；D. experts专家。由本处的“both_____9_____and Internet access”可知，此处指设备和互联网接入的事情。故选B项。
50【答案】C考查名词词义辨析。句意：其中包括女孩明显被排除在基础教育之外，被排除在特定的技术教育和设计之外，设备和互联网接入费用高昂，与妇女和女孩有关的内容匮乏，以及社会文化偏见和歧视，例如阻碍妇女在网上和网下自由和私下发言的障碍。A. research研究；B. criticism批评；C. discrimination歧视；D. distinction区别。由上文的“socio-cultural biases and”可知，此处选择内容应与“对女性的社会文化偏见”有关，“歧视”符合语境。故选C项。
51【答案】B考查动词词义辨析。句意：事实上，女孩学习如何获取和使用数字技术可能被阻止的一个最隐伏的原因也是毫无根据的：女孩根本不擅长使用技术。A. encouraged鼓励；B. prevented阻止；C. denied否定；D. disappointed使失望。由上文语境可知，本段主要讲，因为女孩明显被排除在基础教育之外，被排除在特定的技术教育和设计之外，设备和互联网接入费用高昂等原因，女性就被阻止获取和使用数字技术，导致数字性别差距变大。故选B项。
52【答案】D考查名词词义辨析。句意：国际可持续发展研究所是一个独立、非营利和非政府的研究组织，它认为，性别数字差距是妇女获得经济权力和参与经济的一个主要障碍。A. deadlock僵局；B. concern担心；C. prevention阻止；D. barrier障碍。由上文的“difficult to participate in the formal economy, to obtain a quality education, to___3___health care, information and psychosocial support, and to have their voices heard”，“over 75 percent of women and girls will lack Internet access and ____7____skills”和语境可知，由于各种原因，女性被阻止获取和使用数字技术，她们不会数字技能，也越来越难以听到自己的声音，对于女性获得经济权力和参与经济肯定是一个主要障碍。故选D项。
53【答案】B考查介词词义辨析。句意：如果不大力增加政策努力和投资，技术变革的大部分好处将只能由男子享受，从而加剧两性不平等。A. With有；B. Without没有；C. Through通过；D. Despite尽管。由本处语境可知，此处用Without，表示如果不大力增加政策努力和投资，技术变革的大部分好处将只能由男子享受，从而加剧两性不平等。故选B项。
54【答案】B考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这也导致了经济增长和创新的丧失，经济增长和创新只有在男女平等获得技术和经济的情况下，这才有可能实现。A. faint不清楚的；B. lost失去的；C. missed错过；D. rapid快速的。由上文的“___13____a major increase of policy effort and investment, most of the benefits of technological change will be enjoyed only by men, worsening gender inequality.”可知，上文在讲如果不对女性数字教育大力增加政策努力和投资的糟糕后果，即加剧两性不平等、经济增长和创新的丧失。故选B项。
55【答案】A考查动词词义辨析。句意：用美国国际开发署高级性别问题协调员米歇尔·贝克林的话来说，“一个女孩的未来不应该由她的性别来决定，而应该由她对努力工作的承诺和获得成功所需资源的能力来决定。”A. defined决定；B. confined限制；C. designed设计；D. outlined概述。由本处语境可知，此处在讲女孩未来由什么决定。故选A项。
三
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
My local supermarket is always busy. The first parking space I found was convenient, but I’d noticed a woman in a blue car ____21____ for a while. As I was ____22____, I let her have it. On the ____23____ of the car park I backed into the next available spot — it was a tight fit.
Pretty soon, I’d made my way through the supermarket and was back in the fresh air. Feeling good, I ____24____ my purse change into the hands of a homeless man and helped a ____25____ woman reverse park (倒车).
Just as I ____26____ my car, I saw the woman I’d let have my car space ____27____. She was giving a mean odd ____28____— half puzzled, half intent (热切的). I smiled and wished her a pleasant day. As I squeezed back into my car, I ____29____ the same lady looking in at me. “Hello,” she said, hesitantly. “This might sound crazy but I was on my way to ______30______ some of my mother’s things off at the charity bins.” “You are just so much like her. You helped those people, I noticed, and you seemed so happy.” She looked at me meaningfully and passed a box in through the ______31______, “I think she would like you to have it.” Shocked, I took it from her ______32______. She smiled and walked away.
After a pause, I opened the box. ______33______ was a beautiful gold necklace with a large grey pearl. It was the nicest gift I’d ever received, and it was from a complete ______34______. The necklace was around my neck, a warm ______35______ of human kindness.
21. A. watching B. circling C. running D. crossing
22. A. in a hurry B. in a dilemma C. in a good mood D. in panic
23. A. edge B. barrier C. stage D. point
24. A. turned B. broke C. divided D. emptied
25. A. struggling B. trembling C. wandering D. whistling
26. A. started B. approached C. parked D. entered
27. A. former B. later C. ago D. earlier
28. A. explanation B. look C. answer D. coincidence
29. A. located B. caught C. spotted D. sought
30. A. sellB. wipeC. dropD. send
31. A. back seatB. carC. itemsD. window
32. A. automatically B. accidentally C. eventually D. unwillingly
33 A. Inside B. Around C. Beneath D. Nearby
34. A. friend B. companion C. relative D. stranger
35. A. award B. expectation C. reminder D. view
【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者在超市的停车场把自己找到的停车位让给了一位女士，而作者的善良也同样得到了一份善良的回报——获赠一条漂亮的项链。
21【答案】B考查动词词义辨析。句意：第一个停车位我发现很方便，但我注意到一辆蓝色汽车在停车场里绕了有一阵子了。A. watching观察；B. circling盘旋，转圈；C. running奔跑，经营；D. crossing横过，交叉。根据上文的My local supermarket is always busy. The first parking space found was convenient及下文的I let her have it可知，作者留意到一个女士开着蓝色汽车在停车场里绕来绕去找可停的车位。故B项正确。
22【答案】C考查介词短语辨析。句意：因为我心情不错，所以我把那个车位让给了她。A. in a hurry立即，匆忙；B. in a dilemma进退两难；C. in a good mood心情好；D. in panic惊慌地。根据下文的I let her have it.以及下一段的Feeling good可知，作者因为心情不错才将车位让给了那位女士。故C项正确。
23【答案】A考查名词词义辨析。句意：到了停车场的边缘，我把车倒进了下一个停车位——停车位太紧了。A. edge边缘；B. barrier障碍物，屏障；C. stage舞台，阶段；D. point点。根据上文的convenient和下文的it was tight fit.可知，相比上一个方便的车位，作者在停车场的边缘找到了一个不太方便停的车位。故A项正确。
24【答案】D考查动词词义辨析。句意：心情不错，我把钱包里的零钱全倒在一个无家可归的男人手里，帮助一个苦苦挣扎的女人倒车。A. turned转动；B. broke打破；C. divided分配；D. emptied清空。根据下文的my purse change into the hands of a homeless man可知，作者把钱包里的零钱全都给了一个无家可归的人。故D项正确。
25【答案】A考查形容词词义辨析。句意同上。A. struggling苦苦挣扎的；B. trembling发抖的；C. wandering徘徊的；D. whistling鸣笛的。根据上下文语境可知，女司机操作不熟练，倒车很费力，所以作者才帮她。故A项正确。
26【答案】B考查动词词义辨析。句意：就在我走近我的车时，我看到了早些时候我让给她车位的那个女士。A. started开始，启动；B. approached接近；C. parked停放；D. entered进入。根据下文的As I squeezed back into my car可知，此时作者还未上车或是启动汽车，应该是刚走近汽车。故B项正确。
27【答案】D考查副词词义辨析。句意同上。A. former从前；B. later后来；C. ago以前；D. earlier早些时候。根据上文的I let her have it可知，作者早些时候刚把自己找到的车位让给了这位女士。故D项正确。
28【答案】B考查名词词义辨析。句意：她露出一种十分奇怪的样子——半是困惑，半是急切。A. explanation解释；B. look样子，面容；C. answer回答，解决方法；D. coincidence巧合，同时发生。根据破折号后的half puzzled, half intent(热切的)可知，此处指的是样子。故B项正确。
29【答案】C考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我挤进车里时，我发现还是那个女人在看我。A. located查找……的地点，定位；B. caught赶上；C. spotted发现，认出；D. sought寻求。根据下文的the same lady looking in at me可知，此处指作者看到的情景。故C项正确。
30【答案】C考查动词短语辨析。句意：“你好，”她迟疑地说。“这听起来可能有点疯狂，但我是在去慈善垃圾箱送我妈妈的东西的路上。”A. sell off廉价出清（存货）；B. wipe off除去，勾销（债务等）；C. drop off让……下车，减少，将……放下；D. send off寄出、发出。根据下文的some of my mother’s things off at the charity bins可知，这个女士说她正要把她母亲的一些东西送到慈善箱。故C项正确。
31【答案】D考查名词词义辨析。句意：她意味深长地看了看我，然后从车窗递进来一个盒子，说：“我想她想把它送给你。”A. back seat车后座；B. car汽车；C. items物品，项目；D. window窗户。根据上文looking at me以及passed box in可知，作者坐在车内，而那位女士在车外从车窗递进来一个盒子，注意这里不可以说through the car。故D项正确。
32【答案】A考查副词词义辨析。句意：我很震惊，不由自主地把它从她手里接过来。她笑了笑，走开了。A. automatically无意识地；B. accidentally意外地；C. eventually终于；D. unwillingly不情愿地。根据上文的Shocked及下文的She smiled and walked away可知，作者不由自主地从她手里接过了那个盒子。故A项正确。
33【答案】A考查副词词义辨析。句意：停了一会儿，我打开了盒子。里面有一条漂亮的金项链，上面有一颗很大的灰色珍珠。A. Inside在里面，在内部；B. Around在四周，到处；C. Beneath在下方；D. Nearby在附近。根据上文的opened the box可知，作者发现盒子里装的是一条项链。故A项正确。
34【答案】D考查名词词义辨析。句意：这是我收到的最好的礼物，而且是一个完全陌生的人送的。A. friend朋友；B. companion同伴；C. relative亲戚；D. stranger陌生人。根据上文内容可知，作者和那位女士在停车场里初次相遇，她并不认识她们母女，因此她们是陌生人。故D项正确。
35【答案】C考查名词词义辨析。句意：项链挂在我的脖子上，温暖地提醒我人性的善良。A. award奖，奖学金；B. expectation期待，预期；C. reminder提醒的人/物；D. view视野。根据下文的of human kindness可知，那条项链提醒着我人性的善良。故C项正确。
四
阅读下面短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Very few of us become fluent in another language by learning it in high school.
I went to university and then moved across the country to seek a____21____ job, married and raised children. I made an effort to keep the little bit of French I learned in school, but eventually I realized that this was really____22____. I was quite aware that new languages are best learned when young, and that our abilities in that regard decline with ____23____.
However, just before my 50th birthday, I ____24____French classes. After I was tested to see which group I belonged to, I was placed at almost the introductory level When I looked around at my first class, I was ____25____that many of the students were learning French as a third, fourth or even fifth language.
Contrary to my ____26____ that learning a new language was impossibly difficult, there were people who learned new languages as a matter of course.While I had always thought of myself as a ____27____ learner, that was no longer the case. I ____28____ new vocabulary rather slowly.What I learned one week seemed to ____29____ as soon as I learned the next skill. I had to look up the same words and language structures over and over. Now, after several years of learning, I can listen to the news in French and ____30____90% of it on the first try, read a novel if the language isn't too ____31____ and hold up my end of a conversation if it doesn't go loo fast. I've learned so much beyond grammar and vocabulary. I've met people from around the world and all walks of life who have the ____32____to make fools of themselves in order to learn something new. I've been taught by patient and inspirational teachers from many comers of the world. Listening to the news as it is ____33____ to the people of France, I have a renewed understanding of how something can look ____34____different from another viewpoint. I've learned that a language is not just a set of words, but a way of thinking. But most of all, I've learned that it is never too____35____to learn something new.
21. A. demanding B. temporary C. meaningful D. popular
22. A. helpful B. pointless C. worthwhile D. necessary
23. A. health B. concern C. interest D. age
24. A. got ready for B. got on with C. signed up for D. fell in love with
25. A. disappointed B. amazed C. annoyed D. excited
26. A. agreement B. research C. assumption D. conclusion
27. A. clumsy B. confident C. serious D. quick
28. A. absorbed B. consulted C. created D. recognized
29. A. go down B. slip away C. pay off D. build up
30. A. catch B. recite C. guess D. hear
31. A. changeable B. international C. difficult D. native
32. A. chance B. trick C. courage D. desire
33. A. announced B. sent C. returned D. presented
34. A. completely B. equally C. roughly D. slightly
35. A. slow B. impossible C. inconvenient D. late
【分析】这是一篇夹叙夹议类的文章。文章介绍了作者在50岁学习法语，历经几年的努力，终于大概掌握这门语言的过程。同时，作者还介绍了自己一些感想和体会。
21.【答案】A考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我上了大学，然后到全国各地寻找一份要求很高的工作，结婚，养育孩子。A. demanding要求高的；B. temporary暂时的；C. meaningful有意义的；D. popular流行的，受欢迎的。根据前面“moved across the country”可知，作者大学毕业之后，到全国各地去找工作，由此推知，作者应该是想找一份好工作，根据常识可知，好工作往往“要求比较高”。故选A。
22.【答案】D考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我努力保持在学校学的那一点法语，但最终我意识到这是毫无意义的。A. helpful有帮助的；B. pointless无意义的；C. worthwhile值得的；D. necessary必要的。根据but转折可知，作者想保持在学校学的那一点法语，但最终失败了。所以他意识到自己的努力是“没有意义的”。故选B。
23.【答案】D考查名词词义辨析。句意：我很清楚，学习新语言最好是在年轻的时候，而我们在这方面的能力会随着年龄的增长而衰退。A. health健康；B. concern关心；C. interest兴趣；D. age年龄。根据前一句“new languages are best learned when young(学习新语言最好是在年轻的时候)”可以推知，语言学习能力会随着年龄的增长而衰退。故选D。
24.【答案】C考查动词短语辨析。句意：然而，就在我50岁生日前夕，我报了法语班。A. got ready for为……做好准备；B. got on with和……相处；C. signed up for报名参加；D. fell in love with爱上。根据下一句“After I was tested to see which group I belonged to, I was placed at almost the introductory ___6___”可知，作者经过测试被放到了入门级别。由此推知，作者报名参加法语班。故选C。
25.【答案】B考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当我在第一堂课上环顾四周时，我惊讶地发现，许多学生都在把法语作为第三、第四甚至第五种语言来学习。A. disappointed失望的；B. amazed惊奇的；C. annoyed恼怒的，生气的；D. excited兴奋的。许多学生都在把法语作为第三、第四甚至第五种语言来学习，这是出乎作者意料的，因此作者非常“惊讶”。故选B。
26.【答案】C考查名词词义辨析。句意：与我的设想（学习一门新语言是非常困难的）相反，有一些人把新语言作为一件理所当然的事情来学习。A. agreement协议，一致；B. research研究；C. assumption假定，设想；D. conclusion结论。学习一门新语言是非常困难的，这是作者初学这门语言时的“设想”。故选C。
27.【答案】D考查形容词词义辨析。句意：虽然我一直认为自己是一个快速的学习者，但情况不再是这样。A. clumsy笨拙的；B. confident有信心的；C. serious严肃的；D. quick快速的。根据下文中的“that was no longer the case ”和“rather slowly”可知，作者学习新词汇相当地慢。由此推知，他原本认为自己是个学东西很快的人，实际情况并非如此。故选D。
28.【答案】A考查动词词义辨析。句意：我吸收新词汇的速度相当慢。A. absorbed吸收；B. consulted咨询；C. created创造；D. recognized认出。作者学习新词汇的速度相当慢，即：作者“吸收”新词汇的速度慢。故选A。
29.【答案】B考查动词短语辨析。句意：当我学会了下一项技能时，我一周所学到的似乎就消失了。A. go down下降；B. slip away逃走，悄悄溜走；C. pay off还清；D. build up建造。根据前一句作者吸收新词汇速度慢可知，作者学会下一个技能，前一周刚学的东西就会被忘记，即：前一周学的东西“溜走”了。故选B。
30.【答案】A考查动词词义辨析。句意：现在，经过几年的学习，我可以听法语新闻，一次就能理解90%的内容。A. catch理解，抓住；B. recite背诵；C. guess猜测；D. hear听见。该句陈述作者数年的学习结果。因此，该处指作者听法语新闻时，一次可以“理解，听懂”90%的内容。故选A。
31.【答案】C考查形容词词义辨析。句意：如果一本小说的法语不是特别难，我可以读懂这本小说。A. changeable可改变的；B. international国际的；C. difficult困难的；D. native本地的，本国的。该句表达作者经过数年的学习，已经初步掌握了法语。如果一本小说的法语不是过于的难，作者也能看懂。故选C。
32.【答案】C考查名词词义辨析。句意：我遇到过来自世界各地和各行各业的人，他们为了学习新东西，敢于出丑。A. chance机会；B. trick诡计，恶作剧；C. courage勇气；D. desire欲望，要求。人们为了学习新东西，有敢于出丑的“勇气”，不怕在别人面前丢脸。故选C。
33.【答案】D考查动词词义辨析。句意：听着向法国人民播出的新闻，我对一个事物从另一个角度看起来如何会完全不同有了新的理解。A. announced 宣布；B. sent派；C. returned返回；D. presented播出。根据listening可知，当新闻被播出时，作者听这些新闻。故选D。
34.【答案】A考查副词词义辨析。句意：听着向法国人民播出的新闻，我对一个事物从另一个角度看起来如何会完全不同有了新的理解。A. completely完全地；B. equally平等地；C. roughly粗略地；D. slightly稍微地。根据前面的“renewed understanding”可知，从另一个角度，我们对事物会有“完全”不同的新的理解。故选A。
35.【答案】D考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但最重要的是，我懂得了什么时候学习新东西都不晚。A. slow慢的；B. impossible不可能的；C. inconvenient不方便的；D. late晚的，迟到的。作者在50多岁开始学习法语，经过几年的学习，不仅初通法语，而且还有很多感悟。由此可知，作者认为：学习新东西什么时候都不“晚”。故选D。
五
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Vlogging is an increasingly popular activity. And it’s no wonder that with so many____21____ vloggers sharing personal experiences in their countries online, young Chinese people have____22____ to hear their stories. But what makes American Jerry Kowal____23____ outstanding as such an influential vlogger?
In videos, Kowal offers his sincere____24____ into current events to his over 53 million followers on video sharing platform Bilibili. ____25____ other vloggers who tend to focus on one topic, his videos____26____ various issues, such as governance, pandemic and____27____. After leaving Chengdu for New York in January, Kowal posted____28____ America’s measures serve to face the COVID-19 outbreak, having visited local hospitals____29____ at the risk of getting infected.
As a responsible citizen journalist, Kowal is deeply concerned about_____30_____ issues. During the protests triggered by George Floyd, an innocent and_____31_____ African American who died while in police custody(拘捕), Kowal_____32_____ questions from his fans about his perspectives and attitude toward this situation. Kowal uploaded an informative video clip explaining that he believed this event was a_____33_____ of racial bias and police violence.
“Vlogs help people learn the culture of other countries...”_____34_____ by CCTV on June 10, he put, “the US, China and everything have all_____35_____ my fancy, which inspires me to tell people what I have seen.”
21. A. foreignB. familiarC. specialD. fine
22. A. dropped inB. taken inC. put inD. tuned in
23. A. littleB. almostC. thatD. enough
24. A. approvalB. expectationC. admissionD. insight
25. A. BesidesB. AgainstC. AsD. Unlike
26. A. checkedB. undertookC. addressedD. spared
27. A. reputationB. racismC. evaluationD. dignity
28. A. whatB. howC. whyD. when
29. A. bravelyB. patientlyC. eagerly D. relaxedly
30. A. recreationalB. culturalC. financialD. social
31. A. unhealthyB. unaffectedC. unarmedD. unkind
32. A. preferredB. encounteredC. recommendedD. ignored
33. A. resultB. misunderstandingC. improvementD. start
34. A. invitedB. interviewedC. encouragedD. praised
35. A. takenB. predictedC. controlledD. missed
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了一个有影响力的美国视频博主杰里·科瓦尔。
21【答案】A考查形容词词义辨析。句意：难怪有这么多的外国视频博主在网上分享自己在本国的个人经历，中国年轻人也会收听他们的故事。A. foreign外国的；B. familiar熟悉的；C. special特别的；D. fine好的，精美的。根据“sharing personal experiences in their countries ”可知是外国的视频博主。故填A。
22【答案】D考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：难怪有这么多的外国视频博主在网上分享自己在本国的个人经历，中国年轻人也会收听他们的故事。A. dropped in掉进，坍塌；B. taken in收进，欺骗，吸收，考虑；C. put in提出，放入，种植；D. tuned in收听，调谐。根据“with so many 1 vloggers sharing personal experiences in their countries online”可知中国年轻人也会收听他们的故事。故填D。
23【答案】C考查强调句。句意：但是，是什么让美国人杰里·科瓦尔成为如此有影响力的视频博主?A. little小的，很少的；B. almost差不多，几乎；C. that那个，那种；D. enough充足的。根据what makes American Jerry Kowal可知此处是一个强调句的特殊疑问句，其结构为“疑问词+ is (was) it + that +句子的其他成分”，特殊疑问词即是被强调的成分。故填C。
24【答案】D考查名词词义辨析。句意：在视频中，科瓦尔在视频分享平台Bilibili上向他超过5300万的粉丝提供了他对时事的真诚见解。A. approval批准，认可；B. expectation期待，预期，期望；C. admission承认，入场费；D. insight洞察力，洞悉，见解。根据“into current events”可知是提供了他对时事的真诚见解。故填D。
25【答案】D考查介词词义辨析。句意：与其他专注于一个主题的视频博主不同，他的视频涉及解决各种问题，如治理、流行病和种族主义。A. Besides除…之外（还）；B. Against反对，对…不利；C. As由于；D. Unlike不像正如，在…时，和…不同，与…相反。根据“ his videos 6 various issues”可知，他的视频与其他专注于一个主题的视频博主不同。故填D。
26【答案】C考查动词词义辨析。句意：与其他专注于一个主题的视频博主不同，他的视频涉及解决各种问题，如治理、流行病和种族主义。A. checked检查，核实，控制；B. undertook承担，着手做；C. addressed解决，在…上写地址，提出，向…讲话；D. spared匀出，剩下，分让，节约。根据“various issues”可知他的视频涉及解决各种问题。故填C。
27【答案】B考查名词词义辨析。句意：与其他专注于一个主题的视频博主不同，他的视频涉及解决各种问题，如治理、流行病和种族主义。A. reputation名声，声望；B. racism种族主义，种族歧视；C. evaluation评价，评估；D. dignity尊严，高贵。根据“such as governance, pandemic and”可知他的视频涉及解决各种问题，如治理、流行病和种族主义。故填B。
28【答案】B考查状语从句。句意：今年1月离开成都前往纽约后，科瓦尔冒着感染的风险勇敢走访了当地医院，并发表了美国如何采取措施应对新冠肺炎疫情。A. what什么；B. how如何，怎样；C. why为什么；D. when在…时候。根据“America’s measures serve to face the COVID-19 outbreak”可知是讲述美国如何采取措施应对新冠肺炎疫情，因此要用how连接方式状语从句。故填B。
29【答案】A考查副词词义辨析。句意：今年1月离开成都前往纽约后，科瓦尔冒着感染的风险勇敢走访了当地医院，并发表了美国如何采取措施应对新冠肺炎疫情。A. bravely勇敢地；B. patiently耐心地；C. eagerly急切地，渴望地；D. relaxedly放松地，宽心地。根据“ at the risk of getting infected”可知科瓦尔冒着感染的风险勇敢走访了当地医院。故填A。
30【答案】D考查形容词词义辨析。句意：作为一名有责任感的公民记者，科瓦尔非常关注社会问题。A. recreational娱乐的，消遣的；B. cultural文化的；C. financial金融的，财政的；D. social社会的，社交的。根据“As a responsible citizen journalist”和下文“During the protests triggered by George Floyd”的描述，可知科瓦尔非常关注社会问题。故填D。
31【答案】C考查形容词词义辨析。句意：乔治·弗洛伊德是一名无辜、手无武器的非洲裔美国人，他在被警察拘捕期间死亡。在这场由他引发的抗议活动中，科瓦尔的粉丝问他对此事的看法和态度。A. unhealthy不健康的；B. unaffected不受影响的；C. unarmed无武器的；D. unkind不友善的。根据“innocent”可知乔治·弗洛伊德是一名无辜、手无武器的非洲裔美国人。故填C。
32【答案】B考查动词词义辨析。句意：乔治·弗洛伊德是一名无辜、手无武器的非洲裔美国人，他在被警察拘捕期间死亡。在这场由他引发的抗议活动中，科瓦尔的粉丝问他对此事的看法和态度。A. preferred偏爱；B. encountered遇到，遭遇；C. recommended推荐；D. ignored忽略。根据“questions from his fans about his perspectives and attitude toward this situation”可知科瓦遭遇到粉丝问他对此事的看法和态度。故填B。
33【答案】A考查名词词义辨析。句意：科瓦尔上传了一段信息视频，解释说他认为这次事件是种族歧视和警察暴力的结果。A. result结果，成绩；B. misunderstanding误解，误会；C. improvement改进，改善；D. start开始。根据“racial bias and police violence”可知科瓦尔认为这次事件是种族歧视和警察暴力的结果。短语a result of “一个…的结果”。故填A。
34【答案】B考查动词词义辨析。句意：“视频博客帮助人们学习其他国家文化…”在6月10日接受中央电视台采访时，他说道：“美国、中国和一切都很吸引我，这激励了我要把我所看到的告诉别人。”A. invited邀请；B. interviewed接见，面试；C. encouraged鼓励，促进；D. praised称赞，表扬。根据“by CCTV on June 10”可知是被中央电视台采访。故填B。
35【答案】A考查动词词义辨析。句意：“视频博客帮助人们学习其他国家的文化…”在6月10日接受中央电视台采访时，他说道：“美国、中国和一切都很吸引我，这激励了我要把我所看到的告诉别人。”A. taken拿，带；B. predicted预测；C. controlled控制；D. missed错过。短语take one’s fancy“迎合某人的爱好，投合…的心意”。故填A。
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